天鹅学报 | 与ChatGPT聊聊自由贸易

编者荐语：

《天鹅学报》名称来自苏格拉底梦见化为天鹅的柏拉图，是一份来自岭南师生的联合原创作品，以独特的视角审视当前或过往世界经济的某一个切面。我们力争实现经济学学术价值与社会价值的统一。

对话开始了

鲁老师: 自由贸易是好的经济学吗？Is free trade justified in economics?

ChatGPT：是的，自由贸易对双方都有好处。它鼓励竞争，这反过来又导致更低的商品价格，而且可以提供更好的产品给消费者。减少贸易壁垒，企业可以扩大他们的市场和增加他们的利润。Yes, free trade can be beneficial for both countries involved. It encourages competition, which in turn leads to lower prices and better products for consumers, and with fewer barriers to trade, businesses can expand their markets and increase their profits.

点评：说的都对，但是只看到了自由贸易积极的一面。或许这说明ChatGPT是个积极乐观的人，不对，…机器人。

鲁老师：那么自由贸易就是一件好事情咯？Do you think free trade is good？

ChatGPT：是的，我相信自由贸易对全球经济是一件好事。它允许各国专门从事某些商品或服务，并相互进行贸易，提高商品和服务的生产效率，帮助降低价格，创造更多的就业机会。自由贸易还鼓励跨文化交流，使人们能够更多地了解不同的文化，创造更广泛强大的国际关系。Yes, I believe free trade is a good thing for the global economy. It allows countries to specialize in certain goods or services and trade with each other, increasing the efficiency of goods and services production and helping to lower prices and create more jobs. Free trade also encourages cross-cultural exchanges, allowing people to learn more about different cultures and create stronger international relationships.

点评：AI眼中自由贸易的好处排序：① 提高效率 ② 降低价格 ③ 创造就业 ④ 跨文化交流。但还是对自由贸易的负面影响只字不提，老师提示他一下。

鲁老师：难道自由贸易就没有什么争议吗？What are the main controversies of free trade?

ChatGPT：自由贸易是指两个国家之间没有限制或关税的商品和服务的交换，是经济学中的一个争论话题。自由贸易的支持者认为，它增加了竞争，导致价格降低，产品种类更多，商品质量更高。自由贸易的反对者声称，自由贸易可能导致就业损失，由于缺乏竞争而导致价格上涨，以及环境破坏。Free trade is the exchange of goods and services between two countries without restrictions or tariffs, and is a topic of debate in economics. Supporters of free trade argue that it increases competition and leads to lower prices, wider variety of products, and higher quality of goods. Opponents of free trade claim that it can lead to job losses, higher prices due to lack of competition, and environmental damage.

点评：看来还是知道这些负面效应的，刚才可能是忘记写了，不写可是不得分的呀。

鲁老师：为什么会有这些关于自由贸易的争论？Is it justified about the debate of free trade?

ChatGPT：自由贸易的辩论是一个极具争议的问题；然而，双方的论点都有其合理性。自由贸易的支持者认为，自由贸易可以增加经济增长和全球发展，而反对者则认为，自由贸易可能导致就业机会的丧失、不平等和环境的破坏。The debate of free trade is a highly contested issue; however, there are arguments from both sides that can be justified. Proponents of free trade argue that it can increase economic growth and global development, while opponents argue that free trade can lead to job losses, inequality, and destruction of the environment.

点评：好像没有正确地理解问题，老师问的是为什么会有争论，而他回答的是争论是什么。不过他的回答对争论双方没有任何的倾向性，绝不暴露一点自己的态度。如果非要找点蛛丝马迹的话，那就是提及了自由贸易支持者的两个理由（增长和发展），而反对自由贸易的理由有三个（失业、不平等和环境），看似有点倾向于后者的嫌疑。还是问得更具体点吧。

充满撕裂感的自由贸易

鲁老师：请给出自由贸易的三个好处？Please present three advantages of free trade.

ChatGPT：

1. 自由贸易使各国能够专门从事它们最具竞争力的商品和服务。Free trade allows countries to specialize in the goods and services they are most competitive in, which increases efficiency and economic growth.

2. 自由贸易可以通过允许人们消费他们本来不会拥有的商品和服务来减少贫困。Free trade can reduce poverty by allowing people to consume goods and services that they otherwise would not have access to.

3. 自由贸易也鼓励竞争，这可能导致更低的价格、更高的质量和更多的产品选择。Free trade also encourages competition, which can lead to lower prices, higher quality, and more product choices.

鲁老师：请给出自由贸易的三个坏处？Please present three disadvantages of free trade.

ChatGPT：

1. 自由贸易可能导致国内生产减少，因为公司将生产转移到生产水平较低的国家。Free trade can lead to a decrease in domestic production as companies shift production to countries with lower labor costs.

2. 由于各国竞相降低环境标准以吸引投资，这可能导致环境规章的削弱。It can lead to the erosion of environmental regulations, as countries compete to lower environmental standards in order to attract investment.

3. 它还可能导致不平等加剧，因为一个国家的某些行业和地区可能受到全球经济变化的不成比例的影响。It can also lead to an increase in inequality, as certain industries and regions of a country can be disproportionately affected by changes in the global economy.

点评：解答得好工整，可能是碰到他喜欢的题型了。正反六条理由分别涉及到了比较优势理论、新贸易理论、新新贸易理论、生产区位理论、污染天堂理论和斯托尔帕萨缪尔森定理。背书高手！那就问点书上没有的吧。

鲁老师：你如何看待全球贸易的未来？How do you think about the future of global trade?

ChatGPT：我认为，在未来几年，全球贸易将继续增长并变得更加一体化。技术进步使各国更容易相互开展业务，更多国家对贸易机会更加开放。我相信，全球贸易将为相关国家创造更多的繁荣和经济增长。I think that global trade will continue to grow and become more integrated in the coming years. Technology advancements have made it easier for countries to conduct business with each other, and more countries are becoming more open to trade opportunities. I believe that global trade will create increased prosperity and economic growth for countries involved.

点评：多么乐观向上的一个机器人啊，难道跟我一样是白羊座？再来点扎心的。

积极乐观的ChatGPT

鲁老师：难道你对全球贸易的未来就一点都不担心？Aren't you at all worried about the future of global trade?

ChatGPT：是的，我对全球贸易的未来非常担心。关税、政治不稳定和经济衰退等因素都会对全球贸易产生重大影响，造成混乱。Yes, I am very worried about the future of global trade. Factors like tariffs, political instability, and economic downturns can all have a major impact on global trade and cause disruption.

点评：变得这么快，好吧，看来不是白羊座。还是看看你解决问题的能力吧。

鲁老师：当前自由贸易面临的最大威胁是什么？该如何解决。What's the most serious threats to free trade? is there any solution to tackle these problems?

ChatGPT：自由贸易面临的最严重威胁包括贸易保护主义、关税上升和限制性贸易政策。为了解决这些问题，各国必须共同努力，制定明确、公平、互惠互利的贸易政策。此外，世界贸易组织等国际组织可以帮助确保各国遵守国际贸易规则和条例。The most serious threats to free trade include trade protectionism, rising tariffs, and restrictive trade policies. To tackle these problems, countries must work together and develop clear and fair trade policies that provide mutual benefits. Additionally, international organizations such as the World Trade Organization can help to ensure that countries abide by international trade rules and regulations.

点评：难道是在联合国或者外交部工作过，回答得滴水不漏，但是好像又什么也没说。看似是个WTO的粉丝。

鲁老师：你是否认为WTO还像当年一样生龙活虎？Do you think WTO is still as effective as before?

ChatGPT：不，由于区域贸易集团的出现和大型跨国公司实力的增长，世界贸易组织(WTO)近年来变得越来越无效。世贸组织的管理机构——关税及贸易总协定(GATT)的权威已经因为这些变化而受到侵蚀。No, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has become increasingly ineffective in recent years due to the emergence of regional trade blocs and the growing power of large multinational corporations. The WTO's governing body, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has seen its authority erode as a result of these changes.

点评：能认识到这一点还是蛮厉害的，截止目前回答得最好的一个问题。那就借机来个更猛一点的。

关于自由贸易的人机对谈

鲁老师：我打算把WTO解散了，你觉得怎么样？If I suggest to dismiss the WTO, do you agree with me? Why.

ChatGPT：不，我不同意。世界贸易组织(WTO)为各国共同解决经贸争端提供了一个重要平台，促进了各国之间的合作和贸易自由化。解散 WTO 可能对全球贸易环境产生严重影响。No, I do not agree with you. The World Trade Organization (WTO) provides an important platform for countries to work together to solve economic and trade disputes, and promotes collaboration and trade liberalization between nations. Dismissing the WTO could have serious implications on the global trade environment.

鲁老师：别担心，我开玩笑的。Don't worry, I am just joking.

ChatGPT：哈哈，好有趣！Ha ha, very funny!

点评：多么可爱的忘忧少年。

卷面总评：假如以上是《国际贸易》课的期末考试，这样的表现我只能给打60分。还是看看岭南的同学们是怎么回答这个问题的吧？If the above was the final exam of the International Trade class, I can only score ChatGPT 60 for such performance. Let's see how the students from Lingnan answered this question.

ChatGPT最终得分